Unlike Jean-Jacques Rousseau's major philosophical statement that man is born inherently good, but is society that corrupts him, Sigmund Freud believes the entire opposite. He declares that man is born inherently bad and that society improves or betters him. He focuses on the domineering, dark side of human nature. So far, Heart of Darkness discusses the theme of darkness in the chapter when Marlow encounters the slaves in Africa. Moreover, Marlow embodies Freud's philosophy when he claims to be above the laborers in the novel. In addition, Freud affirms that man's choices are governed by uncontrollable, motivating forces in the mental realm. Freud asserts that man have no control over these mental processes and that sexual energy, libido, is the single most important force in human nature; thus, they energize the mind in all of its functions. His work and theories have helped us shape our views of childhood, personality, memory, sexuality, and therapy.
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